The core of an X-ray machine consists of a radiation source, detector, and control system:
Step 1
X-ray source: Installed inside the inspection chamber, it emits an X-ray beam downward.
Step 2
X-ray beam: Passes through the packaging and conveyor belt. Different materials, depending on their density and atomic mass, absorb varying amounts of energy.
Step 3
Detector: Captures the remaining X-ray energy and converts it into electrical signals.
Step 4
Control system: Processes the signals into images, allowing analysis to identify foreign objects, defects, or sealing issues.
Since food itself is generally composed of low-density, low-atomic-mass elements, while contaminants such as metal, glass, or bones have higher density and atomic mass, these differences enable foreign objects to be precisely identified in X-ray images—making it a highly efficient inspection method.

Compared to traditional metal detectors, X-ray machines provide more comprehensive and flexible detection capabilities:
